[32] The CIA-backed campaign of political repression and state terror involving intelligence operations and assassination of opponents was called Operation Condor. ", "Total Fertility Rate around the world over the last centuries", "Uruguay Pew-Templeton Global Religious Futures Project", "Los uruguayos y la religin - Opcin Consultores - Portal de Opinin Pblica", "Encuesta Continua de Hogares 2008 Religion", "Armenian General Benevolent Union Publications", "UMM | Latin American Area Studies Countries", "Explore Uruguay About Uruguay Government", "Encuesta Continua de Hogares (ECH) Instituto Nacional de Estadstica", "Invest in Uruguay Unidad de Apoyo al Sector Privado", Uruguay, Secondary and technical education and teacher training support program, "Uruguay becomes first nation to provide a laptop for every primary school student", "Argentina, Uruguay bury hatchet to snatch tango honor", "Are You Ready For the Uruguayan Invasion? In the late 1950s, partly because of a worldwide decrease in demand for Uruguyan agricultural products, Uruguayans suffered from a steep drop in their standard of living, which led to student militancy and labor unrest. Officials of both countries emphasized the need to end this rivalry in the name of regional integration in 2010. [73] The Executive Power is exercised by the president and a cabinet of 13 ministers. The Uruguayan parties received support from warring political factions in neighboring Argentina, which became involved in Uruguayan affairs. [11] It is estimated that at the time of the first contact with Europeans in the 16th century there were about 9,000 Charra and 6,000 Chan and some Guaran island-settlements. [52] Low commodity prices and economic difficulties in Uruguay's main export markets (starting in Brazil with the devaluation of the real, then in Argentina in 2002), caused a severe recession; the economy contracted by 11%, unemployment climbed to 21%, and the percentage of Uruguayans in poverty rose to over 30%. Daily meals vary between meats, pasta of all types, rice, sweet desserts and others. Those guests may organize custom tours through the Destination Services Desk on board. [25] Notable amongst Latin American playwrights is Florencio Snchez (18751910), who wrote plays about contemporary social problems that are still performed today. Numerous unpaved roads connect farms and small towns. Covering an area of 176,000 sq.km, Uruguay is South America's 2nd smallest nation. The country also has a history and representation of advanced workers-rights protection, with unions and the eight-hour work-day protected at the beginning of the 20th century. For example, Montevideo receives approximately 1,100 millimetres (43in) of precipitation per year, while the city of Rivera in the northeast receives 1,600 millimetres (63in). Understand The name Uruguay means river of the colorful birds. [77][78] However, in the 2004 Uruguayan general election, the Broad Front won an absolute majority in Parliamentary elections, and in 2009, Jos Mujica of the Broad Front defeated Luis Alberto Lacalle of the Blancos to win the presidency. [32] This led to the 500-day-long Cisplatine War. limita al noreste con brasil estado de ro grande del sur , al oeste y suroeste con argentina provincias de corrientes, entre ros y buenos aires, y la ciudad autnoma de buenos aires (separada por At the time of independence, Uruguay had an estimated population of just under 75,000. Pressure groups (consisting mainly of businessmen, hacendados, and industrialists) were organized and had a strong influence on government. [73] The members of government are elected for a five-year term by a universal suffrage system. [74][75] Many of its provisions were suspended in 1973, but re-established in 1985. In 166971, the Portuguese built a fort at Colonia del Sacramento (Colnia do Sacramento). The members of government are elected for a five-year term by a universal suffrage system. Rock and roll first broke into Uruguayan audiences with the arrival of the Beatles and other British bands in the early 1960s. [33] The assembly refused to seat the delegates from the Banda Oriental, however, and Buenos Aires pursued a system based on unitary centralism. [25], From about the same period came the romantic poetry of Juan Zorrilla de San Martn (18551931), who wrote epic poems about Uruguayan history. The only country in South America that is smaller than Uruguay is Suriname. Colorado Party candidate Jorge Batlle, aided by the support of the National Party, defeated Broad Front candidate Tabar Vzquez. Its natural harbor soon developed into a commercial area competing with Ro de la Plata's capital, Buenos Aires. [162], State-run radio and TV are operated by the official broadcasting service SODRE. Elder Olsen is from Provo, Utah. 25 August is celebrated as Independence Day, a national holiday. [100] Poverty was reduced from 33% in 2002 to 21.7% in July 2008, while extreme poverty dropped from 3.3% to 1.7%. [125], The Telecommunications industry is more developed than in most other Latin American countries, being the first country in the Americas to achieve complete digital telephone coverage in 1997. [27], There is an extensive group of thousands of man-made tumuli known as "Pechito Paloma" in the eastern part of the country, some of them dating back to 5,000 years ago. [48] According to Edy Kaufman (cited by David Altman[49]), Uruguay at the time had the highest per capita number of political prisoners in the world. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. Mission President. [73] The departmental executive authority resides in a superintendent and the legislative authority in a departmental board. Historical monuments such as Torres Garcia Museum as well as Estadio Centenario, which housed the first world cup in history, are examples. [24] Until 1947, about 90% of the railroad system was British-owned. [33], In 1816, a force of 10,000 Portuguese troops invaded the Banda Oriental from Brazil; they took Montevideo in January 1817. An armed group, known as the Tupamaros emerged in the 1960s, engaging in activities such as bank robbery, kidnapping and assassination, in addition to attempting an overthrow of the government. Even though both temperature and precipitation are quite uniform nationwide, there are considerable differences across the territory. [96][needs update], In 2004, the Batlle government signed a three-year $1.1billion stand-by arrangement with the International Monetary Fund (IMF), committing the country to a substantial primary fiscal surplus, low inflation, considerable reductions in external debt, and several structural reforms designed to improve competitiveness and attract foreign investment. The Colorado effort to reduce Blancos to only three departments caused a Blanco uprising of 1897, which ended with the creation of 16 departments, of which the Blancos now had control over six. A general strike was called in 1992, and the privatization policy was widely rejected by referendum (71.6% against the privatization of telecommunications). [68] The country experiences extratropical cyclones but no tropical cyclones, due to the fact that the South Atlantic Ocean is rarely warm enough for their development. [33] The Brazilian Empire became independent of Portugal in 1822. [32], A 2017 IADB report on labor conditions for Latin American nations, ranked Uruguay as the region's leader overall and in all but one subindexes, including gender, age, income, formality and labor participation. Located in the southern part of the country, on the northeastern shore of the Rio de la Plata estuary is, Montevideo - the capital, the largest and the most populous city of Uruguay. [135] In 2009, for the first time in 44 years, the country saw an overall positive influx when comparing immigration to emigration. [101] Unemployment reached a record low of 5.4% in December 2010 before rising to 6.1% in January 2011. Other Uruguayan famous songwriters are Jaime Roos, Eduardo Mateo, Rubn Rada, Pablo Sciuto, Daniel Viglietti, among others. [24] The landscape features mostly rolling plains and low hill ranges (cuchillas) with a fertile coastal lowland. [111], In 2007, Uruguay had cattle herds totalling 12million head, making it the country with the highest number of cattle per capita at 3.8. WebEddie Bharucha held several positions in India and received the Dhanvantari Award for his outstanding contributions to medical sciences (1991). [121] However, rail passenger commuter service into Montevideo was restarted in 1993, and now comprises three suburban lines. [111] Beef is the main export commodity of the country, totaling over US$1billion in 2006. Brazil and Uruguay have signed cooperation agreements on defence, science, technology, energy, river transportation and fishing, with the hope of accelerating political and economic integration between these two neighbouring countries. [24] Official statistics from Uruguay's Agriculture and Livestock Ministry indicate that meat and sheep farming in Uruguay occupies 59.6% of the land. [115] The port of Nueva Palmira is a major regional merchandise transfer point and houses both private and government-run terminals. [38], The constitutional government of General Lorenzo Batlle y Grau (186872) suppressed the Revolution of the Lances by the Blancos. [122] Most of the country's domestic freight and passenger service is by road rather than rail. [26], Uruguay was first inhabited around 13,000 years ago by hunter-gatherers. [21], One of the most popular interpretations of the name was proposed by the renowned Uruguayan poet Juan Zorrilla de San Martn, "the river of painted birds";[22] this interpretation, although dubious, still holds an important cultural significance in the country. [37], The first railway line was assembled in Uruguay in 1867 with the opening of a branch consisting of a horse-drawn train. The 19th-century painter Juan Manuel Blanes, whose works depict historical events, was the first Uruguayan artist to gain widespread recognition. [146] In 1837 civil marriage was recognized, and in 1861 the state took over the running of public cemeteries. [81] Uruguay ranks 21st as least corrupt in the World Corruption Perceptions Index composed by Transparency International. When a child remains in Uruguay for more than 365 days and is traveling with only one parent, traveling alone, or traveling with someone other than the parents, the minor child is required to have a Permiso de Menor (permission for a minor) issued by the Uruguayan National Immigration Directorate prior to departing Uruguay. It is a word in Guarani that was spoken by the natives of the area. It is part of the Southern Cone region of South America. Uruguay has enjoyed friendly relations with the United States since its transition back to democracy. [66] These storms can be strong; they can bring squalls, hail, and sometimes even tornadoes. 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